Upgrading municipal lagoons in temperate and cold climates: Total nitrogen removal and phosphorus assimilation at ultra‐low temperatures

In this study, a municipal lagoon with high wintertime effluent total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations was upgraded pilot-scale nitrifying-nitrifying-denitrifying (NIT-NIT-DENIT) moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) treatment train to characterize its over operation, investigate the feasibility of upgrading lagoons achieve substantial biological removal across ultra-low temperatures (0.6–3.0) and nitrification inhibition pathways in facultative systems at temperatures. Throughout it observed that system substantially reduced (TN) phosphorus (TP) by an average 69.8 ± 24.5% 74.7 20.1%, respectively. Furthermore, sulfide toxicity may play important role nitrifying organisms lagoons. Finally, MBBR technology has emerged as suitable sustainable upgrade for existing waste stabilization pond facilities operating temperate, northern cold climate countries.